Since the invention of the first automatic gearbox by General Motors in 1940, these mechanical marvels have gone from strength to strength, transforming our driving experience. And yet, in front of the gearshift lever, we're confronted with enigmatic enigmatic letters that seem to form a secret alphabet reserved for the initiated.
P, R, N, D: behind this apparent simplicity lies a fascinating world of technology and engineering that determines the behavior of your vehicle. EDEN BOITES lifts the veil on these symbols and clearly explains their function, and how to use an automatic transmission properly.

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1940: invention of the torque converter ;
1960: improved hydraulic processes with new gear ratios and driving modes (sport, economy);
1980: arrival of electronic control units that precisely manage gear changes;
2000: Dual-clutch DCT models appear;
2010: development of CVT systems and specialties for hybrid and electric cars.

Today's automatic gearboxes are increasingly sophisticated. A sound knowledge of this technology not only enables you to make an informed choice when faced with a wide range of offerings, but also tooptimize driving comfort and reduce fuel consumption.

How does an automatic gearbox work?

The automatic gearbox is not equipped with a clutch forkthis part is

characteristic of manual gearboxes, and is used to mechanically engage the various gears. Here, a torque converter replaces the clutch, and gear changes are managed electronically and hydraulically. The driver has no direct control, simply selecting the mode and regulating acceleration.
As a result, sporty driving enthusiasts are more likely to adopt the manual gearbox than the automatic, preferring to play between the clutch and gas pedal pedals. And yet, even if the sensations are not quite the same, the various types of modern automatic gearboxes are capable of clean, smooth acceleration. and smooth acceleration.
The gearshifts retain their basic principle, and the positions positions are generally indicated by letters. But more and more vehicles are equipped with electronic gear selectors in the form of a button or a small lever on the dashboard. Others, more upmarket, feature steering-wheel-mounted paddles.

How to decode the letters P, R, N, D?

This universal code indicates the different transmission positions. Let's take a look at what happens when you move the selector lever:

P for Parking In parking mode, the transmission is completely blocked. But don't forget the handbrake - it's still essential, especially on steep inclines;
R for Reverse The gearbox ensures perfect synchronization by reversing the direction of rotation of the gears. It is therefore essential to come to a complete stop before shifting into reverse, otherwise you risk doing serious damage;
N for Neutral The torque converter disengages. The engine idles without driving the wheels. In plain English, the neutral position corresponds to neutral;
D for Drive The gearbox adapts to your driving style. Electronic sensors measure vehicle speed, temperature and hydraulic circuit pressure to select the optimum gear.

How to decipher the alphabet of additional modes?

Every driver has his or her own preferences in terms of comfort, performance and economy. These additional driving modes offer greater versatility :

S for Sport For improved feel and performance, the gearshift points are shifted to higher revs for more direct acceleration;
L for Low the transmission limits the number of gears, allowing you to control speed and engine braking at low speeds. This mode is perfect for towing or on slippery terrain;
ECO ideal if you have a small car that often travels in urban areas. For example, on a Fiat 500 gearboxgearbox, the ECU shifts to a higher gear earlier, to limit fuel consumption;
M as in Manual In this mode, the on-board computer is paused and the driver takes control. This mode is suitable for difficult road conditions (winding roads or hills);
B for Brake This function is found on hybrid vehicles. It simulates greater engine braking and recovers kinetic energy to recharge the battery;
W for Winter The car starts in second gear rather than first to reduce the risk of skidding on slippery roads.

Manual vs. automatic: advantages and disadvantages

Your choice of gearbox depends on your driving preferences:

The manual gearbox offers precise vehicle control, potentially lower fuel consumption and generally lower purchase costs;
The automatic gearbox ensures smooth driving comfort, thanks to the absence of a clutch pedal and a hydraulic converter that continuously adjusts gear alignment. On the other hand, it can be more expensive to buy and requires regular maintenance.

EDEN BOITES is a specialist in standard exchange gearboxes. Our large stock enables us to offer the best prices and short delivery times. All our products are rigorously tested and come with a one-year warranty.

If you need to replace your gearbox, whether manual or automatic manual or automaticyou'll probably find your model in our extensive catalog. Don't hesitate to visit our website!