How does an automatic gearbox work?

In addition to providing greater comfort than a manual manual gearboxautomatic automatic gearbox also optimizes fuel consumption and reduces mechanical wear.

How does an automatic gearbox work? 

The automatic gearbox is made up of several distinct components:

• the torque converterwhich replaces the traditional clutch pedal. This hydraulic element transmits the engine's power to the gears while absorbing speed variations;
• the epicyclic gear traincomposed of planetary and satellite gears, which provides the various transmission ratios;
• from hydraulic clutches and brakesactivated as required, to control gear shifting;
• the electronic control unitwhich constantly analyzes vehicle data such as speed, acceleration and gas pedal position, to determine the optimum moment to change gear.

The complex orchestration of all these components ensures a smooth ride and constant adaptation to road conditions, particularly comfortable for vehicle occupants. 

Automatic gearbox operation: what do the letters P, R, N and D on the gearshift lever stand for?

The letters P, R, N and D on the gear lever of an automatic automatic gearbox are standardized internationally for all automatic vehicles. They each have different meanings and functions:

• the P" position corresponds to vehicle parking ("Park"). It brings the wheels to a complete stop and locks the transmission, acting like a second handbrake. This position must be engaged when the vehicle is at a complete standstill, for the duration of the parking operation;
• the letter "R stands for "Reverse reversein French. This position reverses the vehicle;
• "N " corresponds to the neutral position. In this position, the engine is running, but the wheels are not driven. It is useful for pushing the vehicle in the event of a breakdown, for example;
• the D" position stands for "Drivedriving" or "forward. This is the main position in which the gearbox automatically shifts gears according to driving conditions.

What types of automatic gearboxes are available? 

There are four main categories of automatic gearboxes :

• the torque converter automatic transmissions Also known as traditional BVAs, these use a hydraulic converter to replace the clutch pedal. This is the most widespread and oldest type;
• the single-clutch robotized gearboxes These are conventional manual gearboxes equipped with a system that automatically manages the clutch and gearshift;
• the dual-clutch robotized gearboxes More sophisticated, they feature two half-boxes, each with its own clutch, enabling very rapid gear changes;
• the continuously variable transmissions (CVT) These use a system of pulleys and belts to continuously vary the transmission ratio, without fixed bearings.

How long does an automatic gearbox last?

The longevity of an automatic gearbox can vary considerably. However, with proper maintenance, it can achieve impressive mileage. In general, an automatic gearbox automatic gearbox can be expected to between 300,000 and 500,000 kilometers. However, there are a number of factors that influence this lifespan:

• regular maintenance Oil and filter changes at the recommended intervals are essential;
• driving style Smooth driving prolongs gearbox life;
• conditions of use frequent towing or mountain driving can accelerate wear;
• transmission fluid quality The use of a high-quality synthetic fluid can improve performance and service life.

What can be done to preserve the life and performance of an automatic gearbox?

To preserve the life and performance of your automatic gearboxyou can :

• adopt good driving practicesIn particular, use your gearbox correctly: bring the vehicle to a complete stop before changing gear, and use the brake pedal rather than decelerating;

• maintain your gearbox regularly by observing the oil change intervals recommended by the manufacturer, generally every 60,000 km;

• have oil levels and seals regularly checked by a professional;

• avoid towing heavy loadsunless your vehicle is specifically designed for the purpose;
• limit repeated hard acceleration and brakingwhich can prematurely wear out the gearbox;
• maintain a constant speed and adapt your engine speed to driving conditions.

Why choose an automatic gearbox? 

Choose an automatic gearbox has many advantages over a manual manual gearbox. By eliminating the need to manually shift gears, it delivers a smooth, comfortable ride. smooth driving and unrivalled comfortThis is particularly appreciated in urban environments or on long journeys.

Automatic gear shifting also ensures smooth drivingThis improves safety by allowing the driver to keep both hands on the wheel, reducing the risk of accidents.

The automatic transmissions also optimize fuel consumption by automatically adjusting gears, which contributes to lower fuel consumption. lower fuel consumption and improved performance.

Last but not least, they make driving more accessible to all, especially those with mobility problems.

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